Operations Management assignment Essay Example for Free

Activities Management task Essay Gracefully chain the executives is the coordination of the procedures and capacities inside a business, received by most organizations in the UK in the late 1990’s. It manages the inner and outside variables that, when managed accurately and methodicallly, can decide an organizations achievement or disappointment. A flexibly chain is the system of exercises that conveys a completed item administration to the client. By definition, gracefully chain the board (SCM) is â€Å"the the board of the progressions of materials from providers to clients so as to lessen by and large expense and increment responsiveness to the customers† (Reid Sanders). SCM involves the co-appointment of the development of good through the flexibly fasten from providers to producers to wholesalers to the last client. The fundamental point of SCM is to expand the productivity of some random procedure being completed by an organization; by doing this it is permitting them to attempt to reduce their expenses and ideally continue fulfilling their customers’ needs, while simultaneously keeping up their serious situation inside their market. Flexibly chain the board is viewed as a greater amount of a â€Å"open system† rather than the conventional framework utilized by most of organizations only 20 years back. The new â€Å"open system† permits space for change which is significantly required with the current monetary precariousness of the economy. SCM has advanced throughout the years and has formed to suit the consistently evolving economy. First embraced by the Japanese, as Geba Kai (A gathering of the psyches), the now regularly discovered procedure is utilized by an immense measure of organizations in the UK. These days, SCM inside a business is answerable for an item from when it’s in its crude state to when it’s a completed item, prepared for utilization by clients. The chain the board that Comfort Company PLC at present uses is an extremely customary framework, also called a â€Å"closed system†. This kind of the executives framework separates itself from different segments in the flexibly chain and accordingly just has correspondence moving through the organizations own framework, this is a negative trait as it keeps the organization from getting significant and compelling data about the condition of different connections in their gracefully chain. At the point when the elements of progress occurred, it constrained the forward leap of another methodology, the â€Å"open system†. The â€Å"open system† made organizations much increasingly open to operational change and because of this it made a few supervisors, whose organizations utilized the shut, progressively conventional framework, see the new methodology as lost force; this subsequently made a ton of organizations oppose against the change. The new and progressively adaptable â€Å"open system† was received initially by the Japanese as â€Å"Geba Kai†, they were firmly streamed by the British who immediately tailed them in embracing it. There are still a few countries that, even now, inflexibly adhere to their old ways and utilize the â€Å"closed system†, two instances of these countries are the Americans and the Germans. Alongside the rundown of positives the organization will pick up by transforming from a customary chain framework to an increasingly formal gracefully chain the board (SCM) framework, there are additionally a couple of key reasons why an organization should change to the fresher framework, reasons that will assist them with staying comparable to the next business’ inside their industry and inside the entire business area. One of these reasons is globalization. As expressed in â€Å"Operations the board: Along the gracefully chain†, 66% of today’s organizations work all inclusive through worldwide markets, worldwide activities, worldwide financing, and worldwide flexibly chains†. Globalization implies that British organizations, for example, Comfort Company PLC will must be set up to contend in business sectors that are unfamiliar to them and furthermore include remote rivalry inside their own local markets. Organizations that receive, or have just embraced, a proper gracefully chain the executives framework will have a preferred position upon the individuals who haven’t and will have the option to profit by globalization. There are numerous advantages an organization would pick up from presenting a conventional gracefully chain the board framework, all satisfying the desire to flexibly the client with great quality items that â€Å"Comfort Company plc† forces, while simultaneously allowing them a chance to expand their consumer loyalty, deal with their gracefully chain viably and permit adaptability to their gracefully chain. By boosting consumer loyalty, â€Å"Comfort Company plc† could asses how well they are meeting their clients needs, while at the equivalent accepting a sign of how well the business is getting along in examination with their opposition; both in their market and remote markets. Having an adaptable flexibly chain would imply that the organization would have the option to respond to change sought after rapidly to guarantee that they level the interest to their yield, this would spare them a great deal of time, waste and assets if a monstrosity change popular was to occur. On the off chance that â€Å"Comfort organization plc† didn't receive the proper flexibly chain the board framework they would be in danger of loosing a great deal of cash if an unforeseeable change was to occur, this would give them a burden upon the opposition and would bring down their upper hand. Successful administration of a flexibly chain could open up open doors for â€Å"Comfort Company plc† to improve numerous parts of their creation, and possibly spare themselves a great deal of cash. By recognizing the pointless waste along the gracefully chain, â€Å"Comfort Company plc† could make the procedure a simpler, less expensive and faster one for themselves and dif ferent connections in their flexibly chain; this would make the chain progressively profitable, subsequently making the completed item â€Å"better value†. One of the primary points of interest of a conventional gracefully chain the board framework, and a magnificent property an organization can have, is a bit of leeway upon your rivals. Characterized, upper hand is â€Å"an advantage over rivalry picked up by offering purchasers more noteworthy worth, either by methods for lower costs or by giving more prominent advantages and administration that legitimizes higher prices†(Tutor2u.net, 2011). The kind of upper hands an organization, for example, â€Å"Comfort Company plc† would accomplish from a formal SCM framework are preferences, for example, lower costs and operational adaptability. As there are various methods of increasing an upper hand, the organization being referred to necessities to do some examination into their market to perceive how it should be possible, they could investigate the manners by which their fruitful rivalry work and attempt to receive a portion of their methodologies. A genuine case of an organization utilizing its formal SCM framework to accomplish a decent upper hand is Dell Computer Corporation. â€Å"Quick conveyance of altered PCs at costs 10-15 percent lower than the business standard is Dell’s upper hand. A tweaked Dell PC can be on the way to the client inside thirty-six hours. This snappy reaction permits Dell to lessen its stock level to around thirteen days of flexibly. Dell accomplishes this to a limited extent through its warehousing plan. The vast majority of the parts Dell utilizes are warehoused inside brief travel time to a get together point. Dell doesn't structure segments at its Austin, Texas, office; rather, providers restock stockrooms varying, and Dell is just charged for things simply after they are delivered. The outcome is better an incentive for the customer† (Reid Sanders). There are a couple of ways â€Å"Comfort Company plc† can increase upper hand inside their market, for example, utilizing devices like business to business (B2B) online business, or receiving one of Dells results picking up approaches and ensuring that there parts and crude materials for making the items are found a short travel time away from the spot of get together. Being arranged on the Crewe Gates mechanical park, where numerous different organizations, some like â€Å"Comfort Company plc† no uncertainty, are arranged, there’s sure to be some way that they could discover a provider closer. If this somehow managed to succeed they could make a decent, solid relationship with the providers and manufacture a hindrance of trust and correspondence, this would be an ideal situation to guarantee the connections in the gracefully chain are solid, as the flexibly chain is â€Å"only as powerless and its most vulnerable link† and the other way around. A business to business (B2B) web based business is when organizations offer to different business, it is the biggest portion of internet business. On the off chance that â€Å"Comfort Company plc† were to utilize business to business (B2B) web based business, they could increase potential advantages, for example, †¢Lower obtainment authoritative expenses, †¢Better quality provided that expanded participation of among purchasers and merchants, particularly during the item structure and advancement, †¢Low-cost access to worldwide providers, †¢Lower stock venture because of value straightforwardness and diminished reaction times (R. Dan Reid, Nada R. Sanders) The reasons/favorable circumstances expressed above for transforming from a conventional chain framework to a proper flexibly chain the executives framework are in actuality something other than little preferences â€Å"Comfort Company plc† could pick up, however vital changed that should be made in the event that they need to endure the current affordable emergency and still have clients/income toward its finish. With globalization developing and the need to fulfill the clients getting progressively clear and assorted, the proper gracefully chain the executives framework is an important framework that each business, regardless of how little or enormous, should establish. The formal SCM framework will permit â€Å"Comfort Company plc† to coordinate their data frameworks with their providers and clients with an end goal to meet their objectives and goal while sti

Forensic Science Essay -- Forensics essays research papers

Scientific Science, otherwise called Forensics, is the use of science to law. It utilizes exceptionally created innovation to reveal logical proof in an assortment of fields. Present day criminological science has an expansive scope of applications. It is utilized in common cases, for example, imitations, misrepresentation or carelessness. The most widely recognized utilization of legal science is to examine criminal cases including a casualty, for example, attack, theft, abducting , assault, or murder. Â â â â â Legal science is additionally utilized in observing the consistence of different nations with such worldwide understandings as the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Arrangement and the Chemical Weapons Convention and to realize whether a nation is building up a mystery atomic weapons program. It can help law requirement authorities decide if any laws or guidelines have been damaged in the promoting of nourishments and beverages, the assembling of medications, or the utilization of pesticides on crops. It can likewise decide if drinking water meets legitimate virtue requirements.â â â â â The clinical analyst is the most significant individual in an examination of a wrongdoing including a casualty. It is the obligation of the clinical inspector to visit the wrongdoing scene, direct a dissection (assessment of the body) in instances of death, look at the clinical proof and lab reports, study the casualties history, and set up all the data in a report to be gone in to the head prosecutor. Clinical inspectors are normally doctors work in legal pathology, the investigation of basic and practical changes in the body as a aftereffect of injury. Their preparation and capabilities regularly incorporate a clinical degree and an apprenticeship in a clinical inspectors office. In the field of scientific science, there are numerous subspecialties. They incorporate odontology (the investigation of teeth), anthropology(the investigation of human creatures), psychiatry, science, science, material science, toxicology (the investigation of toxins), and pathology (the assessment of body tissues and liquids). The clinical inspector may call upon criminological researchers who are spent significant time in these fields for help in a wrongdoing examination. Toxicology is a part of criminological science that manages the unfavorable impacts of medications and harmful synthetics found in the home, at work or in the condition. All medications have poisonous impact however the impact is frequently minor. The poisonous impact of medications... ...d, networks started necessitating that coroners have explicit scholarly preparing. In 1877, Massachusetts supplanted the coroners office with the Office of the Medical Examiner, which was to be going by a doctor. Before long numerous different states followed. In 1915 New York City set up a program where the clinical analyst was approved to examine all passings that happened to individuals who seemed, by all accounts, to be healthy, that came about because of criminal viciousness, mishaps, or suicides. PC innovation presently permits law requirement officials o record fingerprints carefully and to transmit and get data for brisk recognizable proof. Late advancements in innovation permits researchers o analyze the deoxyribonucleic corrosive (DNA) or hereditary material of blood, hair, skin, or semen to check whether they have a place with the person in question or the speculated criminal. Utilizing polymerase chain response (PCR), a lab can clone the DNA from a little test of one of those substances. Legal science as rehearsed today is a field of science medication that employments electron magnifying instruments, lasers, bright and infrared light, propelled concoction methods and modernized databanks to dissect and investigate proof.

Target Corporation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Target Corporation - Essay Example Target Corp. utilized acknowledge loaning as a type of guaranteeing there is return and benefit from the credit. Be that as it may, this occurred when there was a progressing credit emergency. What comes out, in this way, is a potential examination of the clients who were offered the credit that made the organization so certain that there would be an arrival regardless of whether the general monetary status was not inviting (Palepu and Healy, 2012). Second, is the issue of disposing of credit defaulters in a partnership? For once in a while, the organization has been occupied with a defaulter destruction process that has left Target managing just believed customers with whom it was simple and safe to confide in the credit. The third point that comes out from the article is the believability of the company’s assessment framework that had the option to foresee returns on loaning for a second time when the credit advertise is in emergency. This decreased the misfortunes on account of client’s installment issues just as renegotiations of terms of receivable as a result of customer’s trouble. The fourth point to think about is the eventual fate of a hazardous procedure like this. Despite the fact that Target indicated significantly great benefits from the procedure, there are worries about the company’s deals, which have been using a credit card as opposed to on money. At the point when an organization continues including the awful advances hold, the misfortunes make certain to find the credit misfortunes that will make the procedure unreasonable and lead to disappointment (Kieso, Weygandt and Warfield,

Financial Performance Analysis of Amazon - Free Essay Example

Executive Summary Amazon.com, Inc (Amazon) registered strong growth of 36% in 2008 mainly due to increased unit sales and expanded sales base in several categories. Meanwhile during the 3rd quarter of 2009, Amazon managed to report a steady growth despite the recession period. This report reviews and analyse Amazon financial performance as well as comparison with its competitors. All analysis and ratios are derived from data collected from respective companies annual reports and www.reuters.com. Brief Description of the Company Amazon is one of the leading online retailers in the world based in Seattle, Washington, United States of America. The company started its operation in 1995 and has regional involvement in the Asia Pacific, North America and Western Europe. Initially the core business of the company is selling online books however has diversified to products such as apparel, electronic and home improvement products. The company is involved in the internet retailing industry with 7.5% market share in 2008. The e-commerce industry has gone through major phases of growth and decline however, Amazon persevered and surprised everyone. Amazon achieved its first annual profit in 2003 and has continuously performed better each year. Amazons main competitors are the book retailer, Barnes and Nobles (BN) and third party retailing non-book related good, Ebay.com (Ebay). BN and Ebay are engaged in the similar industry as Amazon, which is online business and catalogue retailing of single and diversified product lines In terms of market capitalisation, Amazon has the highest at $59.57 billion and followed by Ebay and BN at $30.59 billion and $1.21 billion respectively. This indicates that Amazon has greater stability and low risk compared to the competitors. Financial Analysis Profitability The companys performance has improved wherein it has performed above the projections made throughout the four years period. Net sales have increased by 29.2% from $14,835 million in 2007 to $19,166 million in 2008 with net income of $476 million and $645 million respectively. The Cost of Sales (COS) has increased throughout the years partly contributed from the free shipping cost and has affected the net income figure. There was a drop in the net income in 2006 due to increase spending on technology and content and in income tax expenses. However, the said figure has increased thereafter. In terms of sales, Amazon has performed double from the competitors throughout the four-year period. Sales increased tremendously primarily due to low prices, vast selection of products and free shipping offers. However, in terms of Gross Profit Margin (GPM), Ebay operated at 74% has outperformed Amazon at 23% in 2008. The reason behind this is due to Amazons high expenditure on Cost of Sales (COS), which is about 70% of its sales value. The high COS was mainly contributed from the free shipping cost incurred. In comparison to Ebay, the company applies different business model from Amazon and have managed to minimise its expenditure on COS at about 20% of its sales value and therefore reflected to a high GPM. GPM proves that eBay is generating a very large percent of net income from each dollar of sales and this contributes greatly to the growing of eBays overall financial strength. Meanwhile, BN showed a better margin because of its smaller size and the retailer aspect. Amazon and BN have a stable Operating Profit Margin (OPM) of 4% compared to Ebay, which fluctuates within the same period. Its constant operating expenses of 20% from its sales value support the stable growth for Amazons OPM. Ebays fluctuation figures are resulted from high expenses incurred from selling, general and administrative. Based on the industry standard, Amazon and its competitors have performed ahead from the standard, which are 14.1% and 0.53% for GPM and OPM respectively. The low OPM standard can be ascribed to the effect of the recent financial crisis. As of the 3rd quarter of 2009, Amazons sales were $14,989 million with net income of $518 million. For the current year, it is projected a further increase of 21% and 19.5% in sales and COS respectively from 2008 primarily to the low prices, vast selection and free shipping offers. With the said sales projection, the net profit is projected at $743 million in 2009. The basis for the projection takes into consideration on the global economic downturn and changes in customer purchasing preferences. Based on the current quarter performance, the same trend was observed wherein Amazon is still having the highest net sales while Ebay still dominating the net income figure. BN was badly hit from the result of economic crisis. In comparison with the competitors, Amazons Return on Equity (ROE) was high in 2005 at 135% but drastically dropped throughout the years to 40% and 20% in 2007 and 2008 respectively. The main reason for the decrease was due to the yearly increase in the businesss equity. As at 2008, Amazons ROE is equivalent to the competitors and is expected to be in line with the competitors in the future. In comparison on the ROE and Return on Assets (ROA), Amazon has the highest growth among its competitors as it has a smaller capital base than Ebay and a higher profit level than BN. The high ROE is indicates that Amazon is continuing to grow. Meanwhile the ROA showed that Amazon is efficient in generating income from its assets compared to its competitors. The industry standard for the ROE and ROA are 3.8% and 1.6% respectively. The lower industry standard might be driven by the economic condition, which has a great impact to the performance and profitability of most companies. There was an increase of 1% for each year from 2006 to 2008 for the Return on Investment (ROI), whereas the Return on Capital Employed (ROCE) was at the highest in 2008 at 29%. These have indicated that Amazon is efficientat using its assets to generate earnings compared to the competitors. Liquidity and leverage analysis The companys current ratios are more or less similar to BN during the four-year period. The companys current ratio was between the ranges of 1.3 to 1.5 for the past four years. This indicates that Amazon is able to lay its hands on $1.30-$1.50 for every $1.00 they owe. In comparison between current and acid test ratio, acid test ratio is lower at average of 1.0 within the years. It will enable the company to cover its short-term liabilities adequately with its liquid assets. This is within some of the industry standards of 1:1, showing that the company will be able to cover its short-term liabilities adequately with its liquid assets. In comparison with the industry, Ebay performed better than Amazon for both the current ratio and acid test ratio. Amazon fell below the standard in the initial years but almost meeting the standard in 2008 at 1.5:1. Although not performing better than the industry average, Amazon has good and stable ratios, which indicates that the company is able to cover its current liabilities. Amazons gearing ratio was high in 2005 at 86% and subsequently reduces within the years to 13% in 2008. Due to the operational efficiency, increased sales and improved liquidity, Amazon was able to reduce its debt and currently the business is funded with internal generated funds. Meanwhile, Ebay has no borrowings and BN has an average of 30% for the gearing ratio. The high borrowing in 2005 has a huge impact on the debt-to-equity ratio, which was 6:0:1. However as the borrowings is paid, the debt equity ratio when down to 0.2:1 in 2008. This indicates that Amazon has 20 cent debt for every $1 equity the company have. As for BN, its debt/equity ratio was at average of 0.5:1 during the four years. Therefore, in comparison, Amazon is less risky than BN. As Ebay has no borrowing, the interest cover for the said company is high compared to Amazon and Ebay. In comparison with the debt-to-equity ratio set by the industry, Amazon has a very low ratio of 0.2 compared to 40.98. As mentioned earlier, the industry ratio is on the high side due to the economic condition. Investment analysis Amazons common shares outstanding plus shares underlying stock-based awards outstanding totalled 446 million on December 31, 2008, compared with 435 million a year ago. As of to date, the said shares amounted to 451 million. Based on Amazons Earning per Share (EPS) trend, it indicated that the markets willingness to pay for the companys earnings has increased. This indicates that the market foresees Amazons long-term prospects over and above its current position. As at 3rd quarter 2009, the EPS was $1.20 and to grow further based on the companys projection on higher earnings in 4th quarter. Analyst predicts that strong online holiday sales will boost the shares of retailers, including Amazon and has recommended that the said shares will outperform in the market (Reuters.com, 2009). In terms of market performance, Amazons share price fluctuates throughout the years and increased tremendously in 2007 at $92.64 due to the launch of its e-book reader, Kindle. However, during the economy downturn in 2008, the share price dropped to $51.28 due to low operating profit as Amazon begins its price reduction for the goods and services. In 2009, the share price gradually increased and after the 3rd quarter results, it continuously went up and as at 11 December 2009, the share price was $134.15. The current Price/Earning Ratio has increased to 80.70 times from 33.80 times in 2008. Analyst predicted that with a strong revenue growth Amazon would be able to gain significant market share from other competitors (Stahl, 2009). Due to the economic downturn, all companies are affected which was reflected in its performance. Similar to Amazon, Ebays and BNs share prices had an initial stable growth but in 2008 it dropped by about 50%. While others are still struggling to recover from the economic situation, Amazon has showed a growth in 2009 and the share price has currently increased by 168% compared to Ebay and BN at 70% and 62% respectively. Cash flow Analysis As at 3rd quarter 2009, the cash and cash equivalents was $2,514, which a reduction from the opening balances at the beginning of the year of $2,769. During the period, the cash used in financing activities was $229 million compared to $1,199 million in 2008 of which the cash outflows results from repurchases of common stock, repayments of long-term debt. Repayments on long-term debt and payments on capital lease obligations were $379 million for the 3rd quarter 2009 and $335 million in 2008. Meanwhile, free cash flowwas $446 million for the quarter. Throughout the years, Amazon has managed to have a positive cash flow from its operating activities. This indicates a good sign that the core operation of the company is generating income. In comparison of Amazons total liabilities to the cash flow generated from operations, the company has enough funds to cover level of investment and takes about 3.3 years to pay back all its financial commitments. With the current cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities balances, the company is likely to be able to meet its anticipated operating cash needs for at least the next 12 months. In comparison between the cash flow from operating activities and net income, it indicated that Ebay has the higher ability compared to Amazon in managing its operating cash cycle through receivables, payables and inventory. The reason is that Ebay takes advantages of its payable days for as long as 361 days. Due to the similar business model, both companies have a negative cash cycle of which cash is generated from its payable and quick settlement payment from the customers. Management of Working Capital In terms of managing working capital, Amazon had maintained its positive cash flow being the highest at 2007 for an amount of $1,450. This indicates that the company is able to pay off its short-term liabilities and operating expenses accordingly. In comparison between the competitors, Ebay has the highest working capital of $4,023 million in 2007 while BN has the lowest at $841million in 2006. The high working capital for Ebay has enabled the company to be successful in its expansion programme and improve their operations. For the 3rd quarter ending 31st December, Amazons working capital is $1,832 million and is expected to increase further due to higher expectation of sales in the coming quarter. Working capital provides information on the companys underlying operational efficiency. In terms of efficiency, Amazon is efficient in using its assets in generating sales compared to its competitors, which are reflected in the asset turnover ratio. This indicates Amazons improved efficiency in inventory and asset management that is partly supported from the low pricing strategy and low profit margin. In comparison to the competitors, BN has the lowest account receivable days due to its retail business model, which is based on the cash transaction. Based on the account payable days, Ebay has taken advantage on the free source of finance for the business at 361 days compared to Amazon at 62 days. In respect of the inventory days, Amazon is able to turn the inventory quickly as low as 12 days compared to BN at 140 days. BN has high stock inventory days due to the reason of its retailing business model and product which requires some time to be sold. Due to the same business application, both Amazon and Ebay have a negative cash operating cycle, which indicates efficiency in cash management. In term of the industry standard, the three companies are performing above the indicative ratios, which are supported by the significant growth in the industry. Based on the industry standard, Amazon and the competitors are performing ahead from the standard. For the assets turnover ratio, Amazon was the highest at 2 times compared to 0.7 times industry standard. This indicates the companys efficiency at using its assets in generating sales. The reason Amazon performed better than the competitors is relatively derive from the pricing strategy wherein low profit margin company tends to have high asset turnover. Amazon Future Prospects Based on Amazons current performance, it is projected that the company will have a strong growth supported by the low pricing strategy and free shipping. Moreover, the latest acquisition of Zappos.com and improvised version of Kindle are expected to increase Amazon sales which leads to higher profitability. Due to the growth of Amazon, its annual earning is expected to grow over the next two to three years with sales reaching $2.38 million and $2.86 million respectively. Due to robust financial performance during the current economic condition, it has enhances investors confidence. Share prices are expected to increase with earnings of $2.57 and $2.38 per share in 2008 and 2009 respectively. In line with the said growth, Amazon will benefit in gaining additional market share despite tough competition from other online sites such as Ebay. References Amazon.com Annual Report 2008 Available from: https://amazon.com (accessed on 11th November 2009) Amazon.com 3rd Quarter 2009 Report Available from: https://amazon.com (accessed on 11th November 2009) Ebay.com Annual Report 2008 Available from: https://ebay.com (accessed on 11th December 2009) Barnes and Noble Annual Report 2008 Available from: barnesnobleinc.com ((accessed on 11th November 2009) BBC News (2008), Amazon Shares Fall Despite Growth. (Online) Available from: https://news.bbc.co.uk (accessed on 5th December 2009) George Stahl (2009), Amazon Shares Hit All Time High. The Wall Street Journal (0nline), Available from: https://online.wsj.com/article/SB125630854623203899.html (accessed on 4th December 2009) John Pacskowski (2009), Spare Change for Amazon Shares. The Wall Street Journal (Online), Available from: https://online.wsj.com/article/SB125630854623203899.html (accessed on 4th December 2009) Richard Waters and Jonathan Birchall (2009), Amazon Share Surge Recalls Tech Boom Days (Online) Available from:https://ft.com (accessed on 5th December 2009) Reuters.com (2009), Nasdaq rises with Online Retailers Dos Dips on Oil. (Online), https://ul.reuters.com (accessed on 3rd December 2009) www. reuters.com (accessed on 1st December 2009)

The Protests Of The Syrian Uprising Essay - 2431 Words

â€Å"Security forces opened fire, killing at least four protesters and within days, the protests grew into rallies that gathered thousands of people.† The killings of these four were ultimately regarded by many as the first deaths of the Syrian uprising. â€Å"The community’s blunt outrage over the children’s arrests and mistreatment, the government’s humiliating and violent reactions to their worries and the people’s refusal to be cowed by security forces embolden and helped spread the Syrian opposition.† This notion demonstrates that the killing of the four protestors was only the first of many deaths to occur continuing into an on-going war that has: â€Å"†¦triggered nationwide protests demanding President Assad’s resignation.† Because of this, the Syrian government decided that in order to handle the issue they must crush this nationwide dissent. This in return only allowed the protestors to push harder for a change w ithin the country of Syria, in hopes of it becoming the wonderful country that it was in the years prior to the war. â€Å"Syria’s conflict has devolved from peaceful protests against the government in 2011 to a violent insurgency that has drawn in numerous other countries.† â€Å"With neither side able to inflict a decisive defeat on the other, the international community long ago concluded that only a political solution could end the conflict in Syria.† It is because of the similar actions that took place within the Palestinian-Israeli conflict that similar issues are beginningShow MoreRelatedConditions Leading the the Uprising the Syria Essay814 Words   |  4 Pages Studies of Syrian politics have traditionally focused on the sectarian, military and economic foundations of the current regime or its opponents. There are early attempts to frame the uprising with generic economic arguments about poverty, and destitution with regional compares to the case of Sy ria. Arguments about an oppressive authoritarian doesn’t explain why the uprising happened now, why not before? Few studies, however, have paid attention to the cultural basis of this regime and to culturalRead MoreSyria And The Egyptian Empire1364 Words   |  6 Pageswar that threatens not only Syria but also all of its neighboring countries. Damascus, Syria’s capital city has been a permanent settlement from as early as 9000 B.C. For thousands of years Syria has been a battleground for many wars from the Syrian wars which were a series of six wars between what is now Syria and the Egyptian Empire, to the current Civil War between the Basar Al-Assad regime and many rebel brigades. In the 7th and 8th century A.D., Syria while under Roman rule, were invadedRead MoreSyrian Civil War Essay1006 Words   |  5 PagesECPSC- 2013 CURRENT AFFAIRS HANDOUT - 11 SYRIAN CIVIL WAR Gen 1. The Syrian civil war also commonly known as the Syrian uprising is an ongoing armed conflict in Syria between forces loyal to the Syrian Baath Party government and those seeking to oust it. The conflict began on 15 March 2011, with popular demonstrations that grew nationwide by April 2011. These demonstrations were part of the wider Middle Eastern protest movement known as the Arab Spring. Protesters demanded the resignation of PresidentRead MorePower to the Government or Power to the People849 Words   |  3 Pagesoverthrow this government. March 15th, 2011 marked the beginning of the Syrian crisis. The conflict began due to a series of riots by the citizens demanding that the government release certain political prisoners. Although these riots began as peaceful and nonviolent demonstrations, the Assad government made the decision to respond with violence. Many troops were ordered to shoot down these civilians and subdue the protests. The Shabiha, armed state troopers, were a factor in detaining andRead MoreAn Analysis of the Current Conflict in Syria1253 Words   |  5 Pages2012) . The party has been in control of the country ever since, but the Arab uprising that began in 2011 appears to have cast doubt on the continuity of the Baath government. The civil war in Syria developed from the trendy uprising against President Bashar al-Assad regime in early 2011 during the Arab Spring uprisings that affected the Middle East. The cruel reaction of the forces of security against peaceful protests, aimed at fighting for democratic reform and a stop to repression, instigatedRead MoreThe Conflict Of A Genocide1587 Words   |  7 Pagesjustified. This then leads to the violent acts of genocide. The Syrian crisis began in early 2011 when Syrian President Bashar al-Assad began a brutal crackdown on protests throughout the country. In March 2011, security forces opened fire on protesters at a â€Å"Day of Rage† rally in the southern city of Deraa, triggering violence and civilian death. The Syrian government’s violent response led to military personal leaving the Syrian military which provoked the creation of an armed opposition. ThisRead MoreSyrian Civil War Essay1536 Words   |  7 Pagesbroken pieces. What started out as nonviolent protests turned into a civil war, costing Syria because of the lost of many lives and and other material items, they will not be able to restore. Historical sites other because they lost most of their historical sites and other ancient artifacts were lost as a result of the conflict and terrorist groups. Over the past few years, Syria faced many challenges which destroyed their beautiful country. An uprising in Syria lead to their civil war, causing tourismRead MoreTu100 Essay637 Words   |  3 PagesMore than 60,000 people have been killed since Syrias uprising began in March 2011, the UN has said. A study commissioned by UN human rights commissioner Navi Pillay collated data from seven different sources, and concluded that there had been 59,648 deaths until November 2012. Ms Pillay said the figure would now have risen above 60,000 and described the bloodshed as truly shocking. Syrian opposition groups had previously estimated 45,000 people killed. The study was released hours after aRead MoreThe Revolution Of The Modern World1441 Words   |  6 Pagesvote did not count. Anger, frustration, and general dissatisfaction with the government and democratic process has resulted in protests, violence towards party and candidate supporters, and destruction of public and private property. Although these protests may be unsuccessful in achieving a desired outcome, it is clear that the people are seeking change. Due to the uprising of opposition regarding the election results and the electoral system, it is clear that such a misrepresentation of voter preferenceRead MoreThe Origin Of Syrian Heritage1220 Words   |  5 Pages The very origin of Syrian heritage is dominated by foreign empires—Assyrians, British, Egyptians, French, Hittites, Macedonian Greeks, Mongols, Persians, Romans, and Turks. The power of the aforementioned foreign empires greatly influenced the development of Syria. Just in the last three hundred and fift y years, the political rule in Syria has shifted several different times—from the Ottomans to the Assyrians, from the Assyrians to the British and French, from the British and French to the Baath

A National Tradegy free essay sample

Turning significant events into narrations allows Americans to replay events and go over them constantly throughout their lifetime. Many victims were injured on September 11th and in order to remember that day we tell the story frequently on the news and throughout the news paper remembering the disastrous event. â€Å"Stories are, among many other things, templates of behavior† (Peck 735). We as Americans have no choice but to put events into context. Peck states â€Å"Tragedy is above all a genre of suffering and witness. A form of lamentation, it facilitates mourning and generates memories. † (735). By stating this we are able to understand that in suffering we continuing mourn while being able to recall the memories of our family member or loved ones that suffered from the twin towers. It makes people doubt opinions they stand by and believe they are failing them, whether it is religious views or a certain belief. Although September 11th was a heartbreaking event, Peck states â€Å"I think this ought to be the tenor of our discourse in the wake of September 11th† (736). We will write a custom essay sample on A National Tradegy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Many Americans have mourned over the loss of victims but many Americans lives were altered by this awful incident. We as Americans have benefited by having military personal patrol airports and having better security throughout the country. The attackers have been condemned allowing us to see into another person’s point of view to look into the outlook of Americas safety. The attackers of September 11th had a clear message, â€Å"In their rhetoric, the World Trade Center figures Americas global economic power and certain modernist insouciance; the pentagon figures America’s Military power† (Peck 736). The attacks dramatize the destruction and construct America as the wealthy super power it is, clearly these attacks were criminal acts and the attackers must be brought to justice through the Supreme Court and internationally. The world knows America better than us Americans know of it. Through emotion and painful events such as this one America has came to better understand itself and the strengths that it has. America has one of the strongest military personal in the world, allowing us to be able to react to attacks such as this one. Peck states â€Å"Since September 11th, I believe we’ve been living out a national melodrama† (737). A western movie was created by President Bush â€Å"Wanted: Dead or Alive† casting Osama bin Laden causing the defining moment of Americas melodrama allowing people to be aware of the attacker by posting posters throughout the United States. America has sent military troops over to Iraq in search of the attackers killing innocent citizen in order to voice our opinions on this matter. The best assurance that the US will not again be the object of comparably horrific terrorist attack is an equitable distribution of global capital that moves wealth more evenly though out the world and generates genuinely reciprocal forms of cultural encounter† (Peck 738). September 11th should open Americans eyes to this matter and may they always remember this day and remember to who they are and who died for them on that tragic day. Works Cited James Peck. â€Å"September 11 th-a National Tragedy? † Writing Analytically with Readings. 2nd Ed. Eds. David Rossenwasser and Jill Stephen. Boston: Wadsworth, 2012. 734-740. Print

The Weather Underground Essay Example

The Weather Underground Essay Name: Course: Instructor: Date: We will write a custom essay sample on The Weather Underground specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Weather Underground specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Weather Underground specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Weather Underground The film, Weather Underground, is a 2002 documentary based on the American radical organization, The Weathermen. The film, based on real life events characterizing the American political system narrated the ascent and descent of the organization employing the use of archived footage from 1969. Directed by Bill Siegel and Sam Green, the documentary explored the lives of a few young people waging war against the United States Government, who would eventually be inaugurated from college activists to the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s most wanted. Reactions to the film Centered on a political theme, the Weather Underground elicited various but profound reactions. At a time where the United States government was largely involved in the Vietnam War, most Americans were aware of the violence that escalated but could not do anything about the bloodshed. Negative rejoinders were centered on criticizing the group’s violent tactics oninnocent government officials asserting that the youth carried out politics that was misguided. Furthermore, negative reactions stemmed because of the revelries the youth engaged in at college such as sex and drugs asserting that the youth were idle and thus wanted action. However, some reactions praise the efforts of the Weathermen. Most of the reactions deem them as the pioneers of activism and American revolutionaries addressing the repressive tactics of the government to silence the discontentment of the American citizens. Political Views The main theme of the film was on politics. The documentary, though portraying the lives of the Weathermen in 1969, addressed the polarization of the political situation in America between the 1960s and the 1970s. The schism was becoming more acute characterized by the Vietnam War and the Civil Rights Movement, which pressed the government. Such strong issues led to the creation of various youth political movements such as the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) who utilized peaceful protest methods to protest against the Vietnam War. The movements also protested against the role of the United States government in addressing racism because it was profound at that time, especially against the African American community. Furthermore, the movements criticizing the government eventually portrayed the dictatorial side of the government, which used law enforcement agencies such as the police to suppress the efforts of the activists. Storyline The documentary focuses on the lives of a group of college activists bent on addressing the government’s involvement in the Vietnam War and the repression of the Civil Rights Movement. Such issues led to the rise of youth movements who employed peaceful protest techniques to address the political issues. However, some factions of the movements found it ineffective to express peaceful dissent against the government. This notion eventually led to the separation of a group of college activists from the youth political movement, SDS, who advocated for the use of extremist approaches, which the government could not risk ignoring. The group, which would later become known as the Weathermen, joined together with another extremist group, The Black Panthers, and begun participating in street riots and even proceeded to bombing buildings and further planning to bomb government representatives. Eventually, the group became most wanted according to the FBI, undergoing violent suppression tactics and eventually being forced to go underground. The Weathermen will continue being emulated in America’s political history as the voice of a distressed nation. Presently, people are able to form movements that criticize the government without ear of suppression once they express dissent. Furthermore, the group indirectly raised awareness on the privileges and rights accorded by the United States Constitution such as the freedom of association, which at that time the government censored. Without such influential movements, activism and democracy would be devoid of the United States.

Running Head Organizational Behavior Case Study

Running Head Organizational Behavior Case Study Introduction Organizational behavior is a broad and interdisciplinary area in management, which relies on the research and ideas of many other disciplines which explain human interaction and behavior.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Running Head: Organizational Behavior Case Study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Such disciplines include psychology, sociology, industrial psychology, social psychology, anthropology and communication (MacGinins, n.d). The focus of organizational behavior is the study of organizational; design, management and effectiveness (Martin, 2005). Organizational behavior therefore involves the interdependences and interrelationships of various topics like motivation, emotions, change process, culture, power and control, ethics, management and leadership, job design and technology, organizational structure, conflict and politics, stress in groups and individuals, learning, and communicat ion which involves decision making and negotiations. Managers must therefore understand the relationships between all these topics, and see how they can strike a balance, to ensure that there is a conducive environment for the progress and survival of the organization (Martin, 2005). In this assignment, I will explore organizational behavior by the use of the case study of RR Feeds, Inc., which is a large feed processing plant located in North Dakota. I will identify the challenges, conduct an in depth analysis and provide recommendations to the Management team. Discussion Challenges facing RR Feeds, Inc One challenge facing the organization is that of economic down turn, which brings in the problems of financial instability for the company because it makes less profit as the expenses remain constant. This made the organization lay off some of the employees and cut spending, so as to survive. The other challenge is that of change of employees’ attitude towards the organizatio n. The employees no longer feel obliged to commit themselves to the organization, and that is why they are ready to do as little as they can for the organization.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The employees’ morale in working is greatly reduced due to lack of or poor motivation for them to dedicate their efforts to the organization. The management is faced with the challenge of enabling the organization to survive under the economic down turn, as they safeguard the welfare of the employees. This is a challenge of change management. In depth analysis The problems facing the organization can be attributed to change management. The organization has had a good history in its relationships with the employees and it’s clients for a long time. It usually gave bonuses to employees, and committed a lot of resources in various activities of the organ ization. The employees were very satisfied and they had a very positive attitude towards the organization. The levels of the employee commitment, motivation and morale were high before the economic down turn. With the onset of the economic down turn, which is a universal economic catastrophe, the organization was faced with the challenge of maintaining the status quo, in terms of giving bonuses to employees, and spending in organization activities. This made the employees change their attitudes and perceptions towards the management of the organization. The fact that some employees were laid off did not go down well with some employees, who sensed something fishy in the management of the organization. Their perception was that the laying off of some of them was aimed at victimizing them for their reduced morale in their work at the company. The key problem for the organization is how to effect and manage change within the organization, which is necessary for its survival. When chang e happens within an organization, each individual reacts differently whereby some embrace the change while others do not. †¦ However, the organization must survive despite the challenges. When the management started laying off some employees, cutting on spending and bonuses, it did so as a reaction to the external forces to the organization. The employees on the other side reacted to the change by reducing their commitment to the organization due to lowered motivation.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Running Head: Organizational Behavior Case Study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Recommendations to the Management Organizational change is always a challenge to many managers because they are faced with the challenge of maintaining the status quo for the organization in terms of employee satisfaction on one hand and retaining the organizational performance and output on the other. Mr. Nates idea of redes igning the jobs for the employees is one way of initiating the desired change to deal with the prevailing situation. This is because the jobs would be redesigned to enable one employee handle various tasks which were being handled by the laid off staff. However, the management will need to train the remaining staff on the extra fields or dockets, so that they may be able to discharge the duties effectively. The idea of reexamining the performance evaluation program and aligning it to the current organizational situation is aimed at bringing some changes in the manner in which employees are compensated for their labor. Chances are that the manager may come up with a contract performance system of working, in which employees are given some targets to meet, then get paid depending on how they meet those targets†¦.. This is different from the normal payment in which employees are paid after the end of each month without any targets set for them. The idea is good because it would en sure that the company divides its workload to the number of employees and attach some time frames under which those targets must be met, and then pay the employees depending on how they meet the targets. This can increase productivity and flexibility in the organization, because each employee will work hard to see that he or she meets the targets, so as to receive the payment. It would increase flexibility because each employee would set his or her own work plan, and develop a time table to accomplish the tasks. The employees may work hard to meet the set targets within a short time, so as to spare some time to engage in other income generating activities so as to supplement what they earn at the company (Martin, Fellenz, 2010). Regarding the stress levels and new employee behavior of low commitment to the company, the management should use Lewin’s three phases of change management namely unfreezing, transition and refreezing of behavior.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More During the unfreezing stage, the management should prepare the employees for the change through talking to them about the prevailing economic situations and how it is affecting the company, and therefore the need for the company to adapt and align itself to the prevailing economic situation in order for it to survive and remain in business. The management should then use push and pull strategies to prepare the employees for the change, which is implemented during the transition phase. At the refreezing phase, the management should refreeze the newly acquired behavior in line with the new work environment. This would make the employees satisfied and restore their confidence, loyalty and commitment to the organization (Lewin, 2011). Conclusion Organizational behavior is a very crucial field in management which is very broad in nature. Managers need to understand organizational behavior in order for them to be able to be able to deal with the dynamic nature of organizational environmen t, which keeps at changing. Organizational behavior entails interaction between the organization and the employees. One major challenge for organizations is how to deal with change, like the one which faced RR Feeds, Inc due to the economic down turn. In such cases, managers should borrow Lewin’s three phase strategy of dealing with change namely unfreezing, transition and refreezing of behavior, so as to align the employees’ behavior with the prevailing organizational environment (Lewin, 2011). References Lewin, K.(2011). Lewin’s Freeze Phases. Web. MacGinins, S.K.(n.d). Organizational Behavior and Management Thinking. Web. Martin, J. (2005).3rd ed. Organizational Behavior and Management. Andover SP10 5BE: Cengage Learning EMEA. Martin,J., Fellenz, M.(2010).4th ed. Organizational Behavior Management. Andover SP10 5BE: Cengage Learning EMEA.

Analysis of Neoclassical and Romantic Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Analysis of Neoclassical and Romantic Art - Essay Example He mostly worked with historical paintings and portraits. "Portrait of Colonel Guy Johnson" represents the British commissioner of Indian Affairs in the American colony. Next to him is represented a figure with the "peace pipe" in his hand, contrast to the Englishman, holding a gun. In the background we can see a large waterfall, Niagara. In the picture, the figure of the colonel is highlighted, while the aborigine is hidden in the shadow. In this way, the painter contrasts illuminated mind to the civilization located in the darkness of ignorance culture. In general both pictures represent the spirit of â€Å"antiquity†. â€Å""Visions of Antiquity" broadens our understanding of neoclassicism.† (Pagel, D., 1993). The picture of Francisco Goya is definitely a representation of romantic Art. â€Å"In Romantic art, nature—with its uncontrollable power, unpredictability, and potential for cataclysmic extremes—offered an alternative to the ordered world of Enlightenment thought.† (Galitz, K. C., 2000). Comparing two pictures, we can see that they are performed in the same color pattern. The authors mostly use dark background and light items of closing in order to highlight the personalities. In terms of shape, both pictures are presented in two dimensional areas, separating the images of the characters from the surrounding world by the invisible boundaries. Talking about space, the authors used the method of overlap in order to make people on the pictures closer to the viewer. Taking into consideration the art principles, it is necessary to state that the elements of graphic design are expressed in a united and harmonious way. The balance is revealed through the proportional placement of the main elements. The dominance is created by means of the contrasting figures on the first place and the elements behind. Pagel, G. ART REVIEW: A Progressive Definition of Neoclassicism in Visions: LACMAs

'Tourism education and training in China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

'Tourism education and training in China - Essay Example This figure continued to rise in subsequent years, as depicted by the figure below1. The total number of inbound tourists and growth rates between 1996-2000 were respectively as follows: 51.1275 million in 1996, with an increase of 10.2% over the previous year; 57.5879 million in 1997, a rise of 12.6%; 63.4784 million in 1998, up 10.2%; 72.7956 million in 1999, up 14.7%; and 83.4439 million in 2000, increasing by 14.7%. But the real impetus came after China joined the WTO regime in December 2001. Thereafter European tourists also headed towards China in big numbers, as they wanted to unravel the mystery called China, the land of billions. Business community from Europe and America now wanted to explore the market potential of China. This further helped the Chinese tourism industry, which too started realizing the need for bringing in more professionalism in the industry. Tourism education forms a basic component for managing the industry more professionally. Tourism education began in a big way in 1978 when Nanjing Tourism School was first established and Shanghai Tourism College the year after. China National Tourism Administration (CNTA) set up tourism departments in seven colleges and universities in the 1980s to meet the needs of developing managerial personnel for the tourism industry. To prosper, tourism requires participation of the industry, the government and the public in good measure. Me anwhile, many other colleges and schools began to set up their own tourism education departments or specialties (Zhang et al, 2001). In addition, some organizations, like international hotel chains, tourism companies also started taking interest in setting up their own training system, providing on the job training, various management trainings etc. From Chinese government statistics, in 1986, there were only 27 universities and colleges offering hospitality and tourism programs with 4,800 students. The number increased to 69 universities with 8,551 students in 1989. Subsequently in 1998 there were 936 tourism schools and colleges having 29,566 students (Huyton et al, 1999). Before the onset of the liberalization era Chinese government was known for keeping a firm control on almost all service sectors. But gradually the public sector units with the government are being handed over to private management and government has started concentrating on governance. A report by United Nation s' World Tourism Organisation, at the end of the year 2004, China stands as the fourth largest international tourist destination in the world with 109m inbound visitors in 2004.that brought in a foreign exchange of around US$25.7bn. The Global Competitive Report 2006-2007, brought out by the World Economic Forum, places China at 71st place in terms of Travel and Tourism Competitive. The report states that2, "Although China is ranked 3rd in terms of World Heritage sites, and 11th in terms of price competitiveness, it has a policy environment that is not at all conducive for T&T development (ranked a low 97th), with property rights that are not sufficiently protected, strong foreign ownership restrictions and stringent visa requirements." That effectively means that there's still a lot for China to encourage tourism in the country. Providing, tourism education to the

Between Daedalus Flight and MIT Flight Essay Example for Free

Between Daedalus Flight and MIT Flight Essay The Fight of Daedalus and the Flight of MIT are one of the articles in which you can find many things to compare and contrast. They both have many similarities and also many differences, which also made both stories more interesting. But remember one thing both had the same goal and that was to get success in flying. Now first of all, I would like to tell you the analogous things that are in both articles. As I mention earlier that both had the same planning for taking off their flight and that called as Human Powered Flight, and unfortunately both flights were failed. The second things that were alike in both of the articles were they started from the same destination, and the area that they started from is near to Italy, called as Crete. Before started their destination, they already made preparation for themselves to takeoff, which would not let them cause any hardships (thats what they both thought). Finally the last thing that is corresponds to these both articles is that they both went to the Mediterranean Sea, and another that called their final destination in which they both got failed from their flight, but the way of failing in both of them was different from each other, which gave both articles an amazing story. As in the upper paragraph we talked about comparison in upper paragraph, which werent enough in both articles. But now there are much more differences between in these two articles than the similarities of these two  articles. One of the biggest differences between them was their purpose. Daedalus PURPOSE was to escape from King Minos because he disobeyed him, and on the other hand purpose of MIT was to invent profit from their invention. The other difference between these two of them was DIFFERENCE IN EDUCATION. In Daedalus flight the education refers about how important is to listening others, as a result you would get failed like Icarus, the Daedalus son did. In the Flight of MIT the education prefers them to learn from their mistakes, in which they cause failed at their flight. One of the important differences between these two of them was THE FAILURE. In the Daedalus flight the failure was that, the Daedalus son Icarus flew too high to the altitude that cause him too hot that his wings of wax started melting, and by having this he had no longer stayed in the air, so he fell down and thats he called his end from which their flight got failed. In the MIT flight, the failure was the tail boom which was found broken in the end, and by having this problem, the MIT flight couldnt longer fly and it felt down just 30 meters away from its destination, so thats why it called as a failure. Now it is the last and most important difference between these both of the articles that is THE OUTCOME from these two different projects/articles. The outcome for the Daedalus flight was that, Daedalus escaped and survived, but his son no longer was with him, and in the MIT flight the airplane crashed, but the cyclist lived. But both of the projects/articles were failure and could nt able to fulfill their main goal. As a part of the conclusion I would just like to say that everything is not possible, if we want to make things possible then we need to work harder than before. Flight of Daedalus and Flight of MIT, both were just tried for human flying, but unfortunately they didnt able to get success for it. But still everything is possible and because of it we would need more time to get success at our goals.

The Benefits of Tai Chi Essay -- Research Essays Martial Arts Papers

The Benefits of T'ai Chi History of T'ai Chi One of the most relaxing forms of martial arts, T'ai Chi, can help to overcome such problems as arthritis, rheumatism, back problems, lack of balance, high blood pressure, stress, post-traumatic stress, lack of energy, and more. T'ai Chi is a non violent form of the martial arts whose roots are derived from the Chinese and correlated with Traditional Chinese Medicinal techniques. There are many forms of T'ai Chi, including T'ai Chi Chuan and T'ai Chi Chih; all of which have been studied for thousands of years to improve the Chinese way of life. There have been many records of the origin of T'ai Chi reaching as far back as over 3500 years ago. In addition to a Chinese Martial Art, T'ai Chi has origins related to Taoism, which revolved around calmness, "tranquillity of mind," and the improvement of health and persona (wysiwg://25/http://www.spiritweb.org/Spirit/tai-chi.html). Monks employed T'ai Chi as means of be coming more in tune with their bodies and their environment. Ther efore, this martial art helped them to "defend themselves against bandits and warlords through physical health and spiritual growth" (http://www.maui.net/~taichi4u/overview.html). What is T'ai Chi? T'ai Chi is an entire body experience meant to relax its participant and allow one to "effortlessly experience the vital life force, or Chi, in one's body" (http://www.fitnesslink.com/mind/chi.htm). T'ai Chi is literally translated to mean "Supreme Ultimate," and it teaches one to be more relaxed through a greater connection with one's body and awareness of one's movements and thoughts (http://members.tripod.com/~donalo/introd.htm). This experience differs from other "hard" martial arts, by i... ...every aspect of our lives and the world around us" (http://www.maui.net/~taichi4u/overview.html). Bibliography Lai, J. S., Lan, C., Wong, M. K., Teng, S.H. (1995). Two-year trends in cardiorespiratory function among older Tai Chi Chuan practitioners and sedentary objects. Journal of American Geriatrics Society, 43, 1222-1227. Jin, P. (1992). Efficacy of Tai Chi, brisk walking, meditation, and reading in reducing mental and emotional stress. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 36, 361-369. Schaller, K. J. (1996). Tai Chi Chih: an exercise option for older adults. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 22, 12-16. Wolf, S. L., Barnhart, H. X., Kutner, N. G., McNeely, E., Cooler, C., Xu, T. (1996). Reducing fraility and falls in older persons: an investigation of Tai Chi and computerized balance training. Journal of American Geriatrics Society, 44, 489-497.

Health Promotion for Alcohol Essay

Bernadette Ward RN, Midwife, Grad Cert Ed, MPHandTM, MHlth Sci Lecturer, Faculty of Health Sciences, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Australia. B. Ward@latrobe. edu. au Glenda Verrinder RN, Midwife, Grad Cert Higher Ed, Grad Dip Pub and Com Health, MHlth Sci Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Health Sciences, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Australia. ABSTRACT Alcohol misuse in Australia society is a community issue that can be addressed successfully within a health promotion framework. It is important that strategiesarenotperceivedas‘quickfixes’butwork toward addressing some of the underlying structural factors that contribute to the problem. Objective The objective of this article is to demonstrate how nurses can use the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion framework in addressing alcohol misuse among young people. Primary argument The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion (1986) provides a useful framework from which to view the health of whole populations over their life course and in doing so work toward strengthening peoples’ health potential (World Health Organization 2005). The relevanceoftheCharterliesnotonlyintheinfluenceit has on establishing health promotion practice, but also theinfluenceithasonhealthpolicydevelopmentand health research (World Health Organization 2005). Conclusion Parents and community members have an important role to play in addressing alcohol misuse among adolescents but they need to be supported by nurses who can provide care within a health promotion framework. KEY WORDS alcohol, youth, Ottawa charter AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING Volume 25 Number 4 114 POINT OF VIEW INTRODUCTION The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion (WHO 1986) has been ‘phenomenally influential in guiding the development of the concept of health promotion and shaping public health practice’ (Nutbeam 2005). The Charter is now more than 30 years old and, as a landmark document, outlines a clear statement of action that continues to have resonance for nurses around the world. The Charter was re? endorsed in Bangkok at the 2005, 6th Global Conference on Health Promotion as it had been in Mexico? City (2000), Jakarta (1997), Sundsvall (1991) and Adelaide (1988). The principles and action areas have stood the test of time in nursing, health policy development and health research. Itisnowknowntherearemanyfactorswhichinfluence health and illness. There is generally no single cause or single contributing factor which determines the likelihood of health or illness; rather there tends to be a variety of causes. Factors that determine physical and mental health status include income, employment, poverty, education, and access to community resources. These social factors generate people’s life experiences and opportunities which inturnmakeiteasierormoredifficultforpeopleto make positive decisions about their health. While there are many actions that a person can take to protect their own or their families’ health, very often the social context of their lives makes it impossible to take those actions (Talbot and Verrinder 2005). Health promotion and disease prevention strategies at the societal level are now part of the repertoire of nursing interventions. The Ottawa Charter highlights the importance of building healthy public policy, creating supportive environments, strengthening community action, developing personal skills and reorienting health services. Used collectively in any population setting, the action areas have a better chance of promoting health than when they are used in isolation. The Charter also highlights the potential role of organisations, systems and communities, as well as individual behaviours and capacities (Talbot and Verrinder 2005). AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING Volume 25 Number 4 Health promotion strategies have been used effectivelytoaddresshealthissuesthatareidentified as problems by the community. In Australia and throughout other western countries, the misuse of alcohol by young people has been highlighted as a problem (Toumbourou et al 2003). Alcohol misuse amongst adolescents For many Australians, alcohol consumption is a pleasurable part of everyday life (Parliament of Victoria 2004). However in recent years there have been several reports highlighting that the proportion of adolescents consuming alcohol and the amount of alcohol they are drinking is at record levels (AIHW 2008; White and Hayman 2006; Shanahan and Hewitt 1999). The long and short term sequelae associated with risky or high risk alcohol consumption include negative physical, emotional and social consequences (NHMRC 2001). Immediate harms include accidents, injuries, decreased scholastic and sporting performance, aggression, violence, assault, disrupted family relationships, high risk sexual activity,drivingwhileundertheinfluenceofalcohol and delinquent behaviour (Jones and Donovan 2001). Among young people aged 16 to 24 years, alcohol related harm is one of the leading causes of disease andinjuryburden(AIHW2006). Thesefindingsare consistent with population based research in Europe, United States and Canada (Jernigan 2001). CommunityconcernhasbeenreflectedinAustralian media reports about ‘teenage binge drinking’ and the associated harms and generated debate in the Australian media about raising the legal age of alcohol consumption from 18 to 21 years (Editor 2008; Toumbourou et al 2008). In countries outside Australia, studies have demonstrated that raising the legal age for alcohol consumption reduces adolescents’ access to alcohol and the subsequent associated harms (Ludbrook et al 2002; Grube 1997). While there are lessons to be learned from these settings, perceptions of health and how to address the determinants of illness have changed due to a combination of well informed ‘top? down’ and well anchored ‘bottom? up’ approaches to policy making (WHO 2005). Previous reports in Australia 115 POINT OF VIEW have suggested there is little community support for any proposed changes to the current age for alcohol consumption and instead focus is more on the enforcement of current legislation (Loxley et al 2004). Australianparentshaveacriticalroleininfluencing the attitudes and beliefs of young people toward alcohol consumption. However parents have indicated they are looking for information, skills and community support to assist them in guiding their adolescents’ safe use of alcohol (Shanahan and Hewitt 1999). The five action areas of the Ottawa Charter provides strategies from which nurses can support parents to promote health and encourage safe alcohol consumption patterns among adolescents. By using the framework of the Ottawa Charter, nurses have a strong evidence base and useful framework from which to support families and the broader community in addressing the issue of alcohol misuse among young Australians. Reflecting on their own professional setting, nurses can use the Ottawa Charter framework to guide and inform interventions aimed at reducing alcohol related harm among young people. Using the Ottawa Charter as a framework to address the determinants of illness associated with alcohol misuse 1. Action area 1: Build healthy public policy causes of ill health. Community action strategies are an important way of addressing alcohol related harm (Parliament of Victoria 2004). Regulation and restriction of sales, increased server liability, increased alcohol taxes and lowered blood alcohol limits are some of the policy areas which have been shown to be effective in reducing alcohol related harm (Parliament of Victoria 2004). Healthy public policy affects the entire population directly or indirectly. Nurses have a key role in informing and advocating on behalf of clients, families and the broader community and in promoting effective public policy. 2. Action area 2: Create supportive environments Building healthy public policy is one of the solutions to improving health. All public policy should be examined for its impact on health and, where policies have a negative impact on health, strategies implemented to change them. Healthy public policy is needed to ensure that people are safe. In recent years, initiatives to reduce alcohol related harm have increasingly been focused on high risk individuals (Parliament of Victoria 2004). While these strategies may be appropriate for individuals, they do little to reduce the burden of disease at the community level (Midford 2004). There are risks attached to focusing on individual behaviours and victim blaming instead of addressing the structural AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING Volume 25 Number 4 Healthy public policy assists in creating supportive environments that are important in ensuring that everyone lives in a place that is safe and enjoyable. Alcohol misuse is not just something that pertains to young people; it is a problem that impacts on all members of the community. In a society where alcohol is often seen as an integral part of life (Australian Government 2006) and alcohol misuse is implicated in one third of all road accidents (AustralianGovernment2001)whatisdefined as safe needs to be re? considered. Parents commonly supply alcohol to their adolescents (Graham et al 2006; Ward et al 2006; Shanahan and Hewitt 1999) and in Australia enforcement of current legislation to restrict underage access to alcohol is ‘patchy’ (Loxley et al 2004). As a result,manyadolescentsfindaccesstoalcohol easy. In addition, alcohol advertising that is targeted to youth is often linked with social and sexual success and hence contravenes the Alcoholic Beverages Advertising Code (Jones et al 2001). Public policy designed to create supportive environments has resulted in the ‘settings’ approach to health promotion, where working for change occurs through partnerships at the community level (Talbot and Verrinder 2005). Nurses, for example, have a role in 116 POINT OF VIEW facilitating interaction between teachers and parents and between local government and school communities so they can exchange information, ideas, clarify values (McMurray 2003) and identify strategies that will focus on reducing alcohol related harm among young people. Nurses can encourage and establish primary care partnerships to develop alcohol action plans designed to improve the health and wellbeing of adolescents. 3. Action area 3: Strengthen community action 4. Action area 4: Develop personal skills Strengthening community action is important and so there needs to be mechanisms by which the community can participate in decision making as a community and not just as an individual. Communities can determine what their needs are and how they can best be met. Thus greater power and control remains with the people themselves, rather than totally with the ‘experts’. Community development strategies are one means by which this can be achieved. To date in Australia there have not been any formal consultations with youth about raising the legal age of alcohol consumption. Central to the success of the Ottawa Charter is increasing people’s control over their own health and issues that impact on it. The participation of youth groups is critical to the principles of equity and participation. In countries outside Australia, some community mobilisation programs have been effective in changing community factors (e. g. underageaccesstoalcohol)thatinfluence alcohol use amongst young people (Holder et al 1997). There are a number of successful community mobilisation approaches that have focused on reducing alcohol related harm among young people (Hingson and Sleet 2007; Hanson et al 2000). The role for nurses is to draw on these examples to successfully mobilise young people to be involved in the decision making process about issues that impact on their health and wellbeing. Developing personal skills is important if people are to feel more in control of their lives and have more power in decisions that affect them. Helping people develop their skills ensures that people have the information and knowledge necessary to make informed choices. InAustralia,manyparentsfindithard to communicate with their adolescents about alcohol (Shanahan and Hewitt 1999). It is alsoclearthatmanyparentsfindthemselves isolated and powerless to do anything about their adolescents’ alcohol misuse (Shanahan and Hewitt 1999). Systematic reviews of alcohol and other drug education programs in schools indicate that effective school based programs should begin before initiation to alcohol and other drugs and that content should include social skills and resistance training. In addition, community values, societal contexts and information about drug related harm need to be included (Midford et al 2002). Alcohol education programs that provide information alone have limited success (Foxcroft et al 2003). Without an understanding of alcohol related harms and interventions to address those harms, parents and community members cannot support initiatives for changes (Howat et al 2007). Nurses can work with parents, teachers and students to provide formal and informal education (WHO 2005) which informs alcohol related harm reduction policies. 5. Action area 5: Reorient health services Reorienting health care is important in ensuring that health promotion is everybody’s business. Re?orientating health services means that nurses have a pivotal role in fostering intersectoral collaboration between the health sector, police, education, adolescents and parents. There is some evidence to suggest that brief interventions can have some effect in reducing alcohol related harm among young people (Loxley et al 2004). However recent AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING Volume 25 Number 4 117 POINT OF VIEW overseas evidence suggests that in settings that are most commonly used by adolescents, many health practitioners are not comfortable and adequately skilled when working with young people (McPherson 2005). Working in partnership with other health care providers, nurses can encourage positive health practices where brief interventions that focus on harm reduction, can be provided from places where young people congregate (McMurray, 2003). Graham, M. , Ward, B. , Munro, G. , Snow, P. and Ellis, J. 2006. Rural parents, teenagers and alcohol: what are parents thinking? Rural and Remote Health, 6(online):383. Available from: http://www. rrh. org. au/publishedarticles/article_print_383. pdf (accessed May 2008). Grube, J. 1997. Preventing sales of alcohol to minors: results from a community trial. Addiction, 92(S2):S251?260. Hanson, B. , Larrson, S. and Rastam, L. 2000. Time trends in alcohol habits – results from the Kirseberg Project in Malmo, Sweden. Subst. Use Misuse. 35(1&2) 171? 187. Hingson, R. , Azkocs, R. , Herren, T. , Winter, M. , Rosenbloom, D. and DeJong, W. 2005. Effects on alcohol related fatal crashes of a community based initiative to increase substance abuse treatment and reduce alcohol availability. Injury Prevention, 11: 84? 90. Holder, H. , Saltz, R. , Grube, J. , Voas, R. , Gruenewald, P. and Treno, A. 1997. A community prevention trial to reduce alcohol? involved accidental injury and death: overview. Addiction, 92(S2):S155? 171. Howat, P. , Sleet, D. , Maycock, B. and Elder, R. 2007. Effectiveness of Health Promotion in Prevention Alcohol Related Harm, In: McQueen, DV. and Jones, CM. Global Perspectives on Health Promotion Effectiveness. Springer, New York. Jernigan, D. 2001. Global status report: alcohol and young people. World Health Organization: Geneva, Switzerland. Available from: http://libdoc. who. int/hq/2001/WHO_MSD_MSB_01. 1. pdf (accessed May 2008). Jones, S. and Donovan, R. 2001. Messages in alcohol advertising targeted to youth. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 25(2):126? 131. Loxley, W. , Toumbourou, J. and Stockwell, T. 2004. The prevention of substance use, risk and harm in Australia: a review of the evidence. Commonwealth of Australia: Canberra, Australia. Available from: http://www. health. gov. au/internet/wcms/publishing. nsf/ Content/health? pubhlth? publicat? document? mono_prevention? cnt. htm/$FILE/prevention_summary. pdf (accessed May 2008). Ludbrook, A. , Godfrey, C. , Wyness, L. , Parrot, S. , Haw, S. , Napper, M. and van Teijlingen, E. 2002. Effective and cost effective measures to reduce alcohol misuse in Scotland: a literature review. University of York: Aberdeen, Scotland. Available from: http:// www. scotland. gov. uk/health/alcoholproblems/docs/lire? 00. asp (accessed May 2008). McPherson, A. 2005. Adolescents in primary care. British Medical Journal, 330(26):465? 467. Midford, R. 2004. Community action to reduce alcohol problems: what should we try in Australia. Centrelines: Newsletter of the National Centres for Drug and Alcohol Research. Available from: http://espace. lis. curtin. edu. au/archive/00000502/01/ Pages_from_ndri012. pdf (accessed May 2008). Midford, R. , Munro, G. , McBride, M. , Snow, P.and Ladzinski, U. 2002. Principles that underpin effective school? based drug education. Journal of Drug Education, 32(4):363? 386. McMurray, A. 2003. Community Health and Wellness (2nd edn). Elsevier: Marrickville, NSW, Australia. National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC). 2001. Australian Alcohol Guidelines. Canberra, Australia. Available from: http://www. nhmrc. gov. au/publications/synopses/ds9syn. htm (accessed May 2008). Nutbeam, D. 2005. What would the Ottawa Char ter look like if it were written today? Available from: http://www. rhpeo. org/reviews/2005/19/index.htm (accessed March 2007). CONCLUSION The development of evidence informed practice in nursing includes using robust health promotion models and methods to address complex issues suchasalcoholmisuse. Thefiveactionareasofthe Ottawa Charter integrate the various perspectives on health promotion. Used collectively, they still serve a useful function in directing the practice of nurses who work with young people, their families, and the community. REFERENCES Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing, Ministerial Council on Drug Strategy. 2006. National Alcohol Strategy 2006? 2009. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia. Available from: http://www. alcohol. gov. au/internet/alcohol/ publishing. nsf/Content/nas? 06? 09 (accessed May 2008). Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care, National Expert Advisory Committee on Alcohol. 2001. Alcohol in Australia: issues and strategies. A background paper to the National Alcohol Strategy: A Plan for Action 2001 to 2003/04. Canberra: Australia. Available from: http://www. health. gov. au/ internet/drugstrategy/publishing. nsf/Content/00701CF3C77 7718CCA2571790008D615/$File/alcohol_strategy_back. pdf (accessed May 2008). Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2008. 2007 National DrugStrategyHouseholdSurvey:firstresults. DrugStatisticsSeries No 20, cat. no. PHE 98. AIHW: Canberra, Australia. Available from: http://www. aihw. gov. au/publications/index. cfm/title/10579 (accessed May 2008). Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW). 2006. Australia’s health 2006. AIHW cat. no. AUS73. Canberra, Australia. Available from: http://www. aihw. gov. au/publications/index. cfm/ title/10321#full_publication (accessed May 2008). Editor. 2008. Confronting the demon of under-age alcohol abuse. The Age, 12 March, p.16, Fairfax: Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Foxcroft, D. , Ireland, D. , Lister? Sharp, D. , Lowe, G. , and Breen, R. 2003. Primary prevention for alcohol misuse in young people, The Cochrane Library, Oxford: UK. AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING Volume 25 Number 4 118 POINT OF VIEW Parliament of Victoria (Australia). Drugs and Crime Prevention Committee. 2004. Inquiry into Strategies to Reduce Harmful Alcohol Consumption. Discussion Paper. Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Available from: http://www. parliament. vic. gov. au/ dcpc/Reports/DCPC? DiscussionPaper_Alcohol_2004? 10? 21. pdf (accessed May 2008). Shanahan, P. and Hewitt, N. 1999. Developmental Research for a National Alcohol Campaign. Canberra: Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care. Available from: http://www. alcohol. gov. au/internet/alcohol/publishing. nsf/Cont ent/3E8AC9F060C5D877CA257261000EC925/$File/alcocamp. pdf (accessed May 2008). Talbot, L. and Verrinder, G. 2005. Promoting health: the primary health care approach (3rd ed). Elsevier: Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Toumbourou, J. , Duff, C. and Bamberg, J. 2003. Family intervention in the prevention of drug? related harm. Prevention Research Evaluation Repor t, 7, 1? 14. Available from: http://www. druginfo. adf. org. au/downloads/Prevention_ Research_Quarterly/REP_No7_03Aug_Family_intervention. pdf (accessed May 2008). Toumbourou, J. , Moodie, R. , Eyre, J. and Harper, T. 2008. Set boundaries, set an example. The Age, 8 March, p. 5. Fairfax: Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Ward, B. , Snow, P. , Munro, G. , Graham, M. and Dickson? Swift, V. 2006. It starts with the parents and ends with the parents: the attitudes, knowledge and practices of metropolitan parents in relation to teenage alcohol use. Australasian College of Road Safety Journal, 17(3):20? 28. White, V. and Hayman, J. 2006. Australian secondary school students’ use of alcohol in 2005. The Cancer Council and the Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing. Available from: http://www. health. gov. au/internet/drugstrategy/ publishing. nsf/Content/85D7B21B3E3A993ECA25722500077 55F/$File/mono58. pdf (accessed May 2008). World Health Organization (WHO). 2005. Global health promotion scaling up for 2015: a brief review of major impacts and developments over the past 20 years and challenges for 2015. Paper presented at the 6th Global Conference on Health Promotion, Bangkok, Thailand. Available from: http://www. who. int/healthpromotion/conferences/6gchp/hpr_conference_ background. pdf (accessed May 2008). World Health Organization 2005. WMA Statement on reducing the global impact of alcohol on health and society, World Medical Association, France. World Health Organization. 1986. Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion. Available at: http://www. who. int/hpr/NPH/docs/ ottawa_charter_hp. pdf (accessed May 2008). AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING Volume 25 Number 4 119.

Information On The Data Security - 2101 Words

Useless Information The Data security is usually referred to as the confidentiality, accessibility, and truthfulness of data. Which means, all the practices and procedures that are in place to guarantee the information is not used or accessed by unauthorized individuals or parties. The Data security ensures that the information is correct and reliable and is obtainable when those with authorized access need it. There are many policies which cover the data security, but the three that I will mention are, Ensuring Data Security Accountability, which means that the company needs to make sure that its IT staff, workforce, and management are conscious of their responsibilities and what the organization expected of them. There are various†¦show more content†¦If the employee is dissatisfied, the ability to access the organization’s resources can be highly damaging. The security policy should elect specific IT team members to screen and control user accounts prudently, which would avoid any ill egal action from occurring. Part 1 The hospital tends to have data systems for data collection and commentary, the workers who are used to gathering registration and admissions information, and an organizational culture that is familiar with the tools of value improvement, they are comparatively well positioned to collect patients demographic information. The recommendations for enhancements the basics included in the plan of audit trails and data quality monitoring plans within the hospital are, First, The Six Sigma, usually intended as a professional plan, includes refining, scheming, and monitoring procedure to minimalize or remove excess while enhancing gratification and increasing financial steadiness. The performance of a procedure—or the process competence—is used to ration enhancement by associating the baseline process competence (before development) with the process competence after directing possible solutions for quality development. The Second recommendation for improvement monitoring programs within the hospital is Quality improvement projects and studies intended to make helpful changes in health care processes to implementation favorableShow MoreRelatedThe Information And Data Security1090 Words   |  5 PagesToday, in this highly digitized world, the information and data security plays a key role for any organization. And, especially, if the organization is dealing with lots of sensitive data, then it needs to have a robust security system in order to protect the data. In the given scenario, this given organization is required to protect the information and data from the increasing attacks of viruses, Trojans, worms, and other cyber-attacks (Johnston Warkentin, 2010). It has been noticed that, theRead MoreSecurity Data And Information Security Plan Essay1360 Words   |  6 PagesCyber-attacks in these days, companies should apply and develop the information security plan. Not only the large companies but also small companies should think about the security before facing a lot of issues such as losing data or crashing the system. This paper will advise some security planning and techniques to assist Voit Tool Die company strengthen and improve their security protection plan. 1. Introduction: Security data and information is very important for any company in the world. Indeed, highRead MoreThe Security Of Data Tightly And Information Security1693 Words   |  7 PagesUCTION In today’s world transformation of data very securely and information security are the most important categories for the organizations to follow or else the information can easily be taken away by the enemies. In olden days the organizations used to follow the encryption and decryption for the transformation of data securely which is known as cryptography. In cryptography the security of data depends on how strong the encryption and decryption are said to be used. But it is not very easy forRead MoreInformation Systems And Data Security1999 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Information systems and data security to organization has in the recent years increased drastically. A computer can be illustrated as a device that is mainly use to process data into information which is useful to the user. The expert who deal with Information and technology related safety measures are resourceful when it comes to the process of information system and data protection. This will ensure that the data which belongs to companies remain confidential and inaccessible to unauthorizedRead MoreData Security: The Safeguard of Patient Health Information and Consumer Information1628 Words   |  7 PagesThe safeguard of patient health information and consumer information is effectively and sufficiently guarded is the upmost importance to any organization. Information security is important because it the law. Any deficiency of an effective information security program can be costly to an organization and be detrimental to patients and consumers. Organizations must be aware of the growing opportunities for breaches in security as technology is advancing is making the collection, maintenance, andRead MorePrivacy Protecting Confidential Information On The Security Of The Confidential Data2657 Words   |  11 PagesAbstract— Privacy preserving in data mining specifies the security of the confidential data or attribute in the large data base. Sharing of extracted information from a data set is beneficial to the application users. But at the same time analysing such data opens treats to privacy if not done properly. This work aims to reveal the information by protecting confidential data. In the literature various methods including Randomization, k-anonymity and data hiding have been suggested for the same. InRead MoreInformation Security Through Fog Computing Using Data Mining Essay1434 Words   |  6 PagesInformation Security Through Fog Computing Using Data Mining Author Name:Saniksha Bhusappa Department:computer Engineering Collage: MITAOE,Alandi,Pune Email: bhusappasaniksha@gmail.com Author Name:Anand Moon Department:computer Engineering Collage: MITAOE,Alandi,Pune Email: anandmoon555@gmail.com Author Name:Kalyani Gagare Department:computer Engineering Collage: MITAOE,Alandi,Pune Email: KALYANIgagare@gmail.com Author Name:Subhash Kursunge Department:computer Engineering Collage: MITAOE,Alandi,PuneRead MoreInformation Security Trends And Data Breach Of Health Care Services1813 Words   |  8 PagesINFORMATION SECURITY TRENDS AND DATA BREACH IN HEALTH CARE SERVICES INTRODUCTION The objective of this paper is to present the most recent data security patterns. It will likewise give the late digital assaults as samples and highlight the lessons learned. Medicinal services records speak to a greatly appealing focus for digital crooks, containing as they do different bits of delicate data like Social Security numbers all in one spot. Given the estimation of this information, it is clear why theRead MoreInformation Security As Safe Guarding Organizational Data From External And Internal Threats1144 Words   |  5 PagesInformation Security System We can define information security as safe guarding organizational data from external and internal threats. External threats include computer viruses, spam, hacking incidents While internal threats includes the use of unauthorized hardware, physical theft of hardware, abuse of computer access control. In short protecting data from unauthorized access or modification for the purpose of confidential and integrity of computer system data is called information security. InformationRead MorePolicy : Policies Define Security Configuration, User Information And Data Transmission Services1980 Words   |  8 PagesSTUDENT DOMAIN RESEARCH PAPER POLICY - Policies define security configuration, user information admins are responsible for implementation order, this is to ensure the integrity, availability, confidentially on the Richmond Investments networks. It acts as the main policy from which all employees contractors must be familiar with, this also defines regulations that all users are mandated to follow. This policy provides the Information Technology managers in Richmond Investments with the mandatory